What is the primary function of EC2 User Data?

The primary function of EC2 User Data is to allow passing metadata or scripts to EC2 instances upon launch. This feature is particularly useful for configuring and initializing instances automatically during their first boot. For instance, users can write shell scripts or cloud-init directives that install software, configure system settings, or even download additional files at launch time. The data provided in User Data can be used to perform automated tasks, thus streamlining instance deployments and enhancing scalability.

This capability allows for greater flexibility in provisioning environments. By automating the setup process, you can ensure that instances are configured consistently and quickly without manual intervention, which is beneficial for both development and production environments. As a result, using User Data can significantly reduce the time and effort needed to launch and manage instances.